DNS ¼³Á¤ÀÇ Ã¹ ´Ü°è·Î ´ÙÀ̾ó¾÷ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.
ij½Ã Àü¿ë ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö(Caching only name server)´Â ³×ÀÓ Äõ¸®ÀÇ ÀÀ´äÀ» ãÀº ÈÄ ±â¾ïÇØ µÎ¾ú´Ù°¡ ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§ °ð ¹Ù·Î ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, Á¢¼Ó ȸ¼±ÀÌ ´À¸° °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±â´Ù¸®´Â ½Ã°£À» »ó´çÈ÷ ÁÙ¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿ì¼± /etc/named.conf
ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇϸé¼
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ¾î µéÀδÙ. ´çÀåÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÆíÁýÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.
// Config file for caching only name server options { directory "/var/named"; // Uncommenting this might help if you have to go through a // firewall and things are not working out: // query-source port 53; }; zone "." { type hint; file "root.hints"; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "pz/127.0.0"; };
`directory
'´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾îµð¿¡¼ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö named¿¡°Ô
¾Ë·Á ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ³ª¿À´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ó´ë
°æ·ÎÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î pz
´Â /var/named
µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ
ÇÏÀ§ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, /var/named/pz
ÀÌ´Ù.
/var/named
´Â Linux File system Standard¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ
µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù.
/var/named/root.hints
¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§À» ¿©±â¿¡ Àû¾î ÁØ´Ù.
/var/named/root.hints
ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
. 6D IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. . 6D IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.112.36.4 J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.41.0.10 K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 193.0.14.129 L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.32.64.12 M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 202.12.27.33 A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 198.41.0.4 H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.63.2.53 B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.9.0.107 C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.33.4.12 D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 128.8.10.90 E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.203.230.10 I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.36.148.17 F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 5w6d16h IN A 192.5.5.241
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ ¼¹öµéÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Àß °ü¸®ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ½ÅÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº À¯Áö º¸¼ö Àý¸¦ Âü°íÇÑ´Ù.
±× ´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· Á¸(zone)
ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¿ë¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ Àå¿¡¼
¼³¸íÇϱâ·Î ÇÏ°í Áö±ÝÀº ±×³É pz
µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ 127.0.0
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
@ IN SOA ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. ( 1 ; Serial 8H ; Refresh 2H ; Retry 1W ; Expire 1D) ; Minimum TTL NS ns.linux.bogus. 1 PTR localhost.
/etc/resolv.conf
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù.
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu nameserver 127.0.0.1
`search
'´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ È£½ºÆ® ¸í¸¸ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ °Ë»öÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ»
ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. `nameserver
'´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â
³×ÀÓ¼¹ö¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¿î¿µÇϹǷΠ»ç¿ëÀÚ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Àû´Â´Ù.
(127.0.0.1À» Àû¾î ÁÖ¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡
¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù.)
³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö¸¦ ¿©·¯ °³ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â `nameserver
' ¶óÀÎÀ» ¿©·¯
¶óÀÎ µÎ¸é µÈ´Ù. (Âü°í:Named´Â ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. named¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â
resolver°¡ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.)
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛµ¿ ¹æ½Ä: Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ foo
¸¦ Á¶È¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¸ÕÀú
foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu
¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î
foo.your-fomain.edu
¸¦ ã°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î foo¸¦ ã´Â´Ù.
Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ sunsite.unc.edu
¸¦ Á¶È¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸ÕÀú
sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu
À» ã´Â´Ù.
(¹°·Ð ¸ÛûÇϱä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¸°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.)
´ÙÀ½À¸·Î sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu
¸¦ ã°í
¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î sunsite.unc.edu
¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. search ¶óÀο¡
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº¸é °Ë»ö ½Ã°£ÀÌ ²Ï ±æ¾îÁö°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î search¿¡
µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿¹¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ subdomain.your-domain.edu
¶ó°í
°¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â
your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu
°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
`search' ¶óÀο¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ
TLD(Top Level Domain, ¿©±â¼´Â `edu')ÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¼ÓÇÑ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ `search'¿¡
°è¼ÓÇؼ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ³ª»ÚÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù.
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com
¿¹¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¸»°í °¢ÀÚ ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀÇ ³¡¿¡ Á¡(period)ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡µµ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è´Â libcÀÇ ¹öÀü¿¡ µû¶ó ¾à°£ ´Þ¶óÁö´Âµ¥,
/etc/nsswitch.conf
¶Ç´Â /etc/host.conf
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù.
º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÒ °Í ¾øÀÌ
ÇöÀç ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ nsswitch.conf
¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±× ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÏ°í,
¾øÀ¸¸é host.conf
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù.
/etc/nsswitch.conf
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾à°£ ±ä ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¾î¶² ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º·ÎºÎÅÍ
¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤º¸(È£½ºÆ® ¸í, ¾ÏÈ£, ½¦µµ¿ì ¾ÏÈ£, ±×·ì Á¤º¸, ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½º Á¤º¸ µî)¸¦
¾ò¾î ¿Í¼ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ÆÄÀÏ ½ÃÀÛ ºÎºÐ¿¡
µµ¿ò¸»ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÐ¾î º¸¸é ÆíÁýÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Áö±Ý ´çÀå
ÀÐ¾î º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. `hosts:
·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀ» ã¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°Àº ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.
hosts: files dns
`hosts:
'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§¿Í °°ÀÌ Ãß°¡Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¶È¸ÇÒ ¶§ ¸ÕÀú /etc/hosts
ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ°í
±× ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì resolv.conf
¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ DNS¿¡¼ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
ã´Â´Ù.
/etc/host.conf
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë ¿©·¯ ¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥, order
·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ
ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.
order hosts,bind
`order
'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§ÀÇ ¶óÀÎÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
¸ÕÀú /etc/hosts
ÆÄÀÏÀ» ã¾Æ º¸°í ¾øÀ¸¸é ³×ÀÓ
¼¹ö(resolv.conf
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ 127.0.0.1·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù)¿¡¼ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã´Â´Ù´Â
ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.
¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ÀÌ µÎ ÆÄÀÏÀ» resolv(8)
¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö(`man 8 resolv
'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇØ º»´Ù.)¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í
ÀÖ´Ù. That man
page is IMHO readable, and everyone, especially DNS admins, should
read it. Do it now, if you say to yourself "I'll do it later" you'll
never get around to it.
ÀÌÁ¦ named¸¦ ½ÌÇàÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀüÈ Á¢¼Ó »ç¿ëÀÚÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿ì¼± Àüȸ¦ °É¾î
Á¢¼ÓÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. `ndc start
'¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í ¿£Å͸¦ ´©¸¥´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀº
ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù. Àß ¾ÈµÅ¸é `/usr/sbin/ndc start
'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¡µµ ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù¸é
qanda
ÀýÀ» Âü°íÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸ÀÚ. named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È
message ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» »ìÆì º¸ÀÚ. º¸Åë messages ÆÄÀÏÀº
/var/adm/messages
ÆÄÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸,
°æ·Î°¡ /var/log
ÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ syslog
ÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
tail -f /var/log/messages
¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥,
È®ÀÎ °á°ú°¡ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.
(`\'´Â ´ÙÀ½ÁÙ°ú ¿¬°á µÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: starting. named 8.1.1 Sat Feb 14 \
00:18:20 MET 1998 ^Ijanl@roke.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind-8.1.1/src/bin/named
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: cache zone "" (IN) loaded (serial 0)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: master zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" \
(IN) loaded (serial 1)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: listening [127.0.0.1].53 (lo)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: listening [129.240.230.92].53 (ippp0)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: Forwarding source address is [0.0.0.0].1040
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6092]: Ready to answer queries.
¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ º¸À̸é Áß°£¿¡ ¹º°¡ ½Ç¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¶§ ½Ç¼öÇÑ ÆÄÀϸí(named.conf³ª root.hintsÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù)À» named°¡ º¸¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. named¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ±× ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¡°ËÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ nslookupÀ¸·Î named°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö Á¡°ËÇÒ Â÷·ÊÀÌ´Ù.
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
>
À§¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¦´ë·Î µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ´Ù½Ã
°Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. named.conf
¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ndc restart
¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î
named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ã¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. Oslo ´ëÇп¡ ÀÖ´Â
pat.uio.no
°¡ ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â pat.uio.no
°¡ °¡±õ´Ù.
> pat.uio.no
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
Name: pat.uio.no
Address: 129.240.130.16
nslookupÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ named¿¡°Ô pat.uio.no
ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦
ãµµ·Ï ¿äûÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ named´Â root.hints
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³×ÀÓ ¼¹ö
Áß Çϳª¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÑ ÈÄ ±× ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. /etc/resolv.conf
¿¡ ½á ³ÖÀº
µµ¸ÞÀεéÀ» ¸ðµÎ °Ë»öÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸¸Å ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¶È°°Àº ¿äûÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½ ó·³ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
> pat.uio.no
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: pat.uio.no
Address: 129.240.2.50
`Non-authoritative answer:
' ¶óÀο¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ.
ÀÌ ¶óÀÎÀº ¿ÜºÎ·Î ³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê°í ´ë½Å ij½Ã¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ¿© ã¾Æ ¿ÔÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ij½Ã¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸´Â ¿À·¡µÇ¾î ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â º¯°æµÈ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ °æ°íÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î `Non-authorative answer:
'¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù.
¾î¶² È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ µÎ ¹ø° ÁúÀÇÇßÀ» ¶§ nslookup
ÀÌ ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸¿©
Áشٸé, named°¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ ij½Ã¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Áï,
Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. `exit
À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© nslookup
À»
Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ij½Ã Àü¿ë DNS(Caching Only DNS) ¼³Á¤ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ÀÚÃàÇÏ´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¸ÆÁÖ³ª ¿ìÀ¯¸¦ ÇÑ ÀÜÇÏ´Â °Ç ¾î¶³±î?