To yliko poy apaiteitai gia na trejei to Linux einai elaxisto an elaxistes einai ki oi dikes sas apaithseis apo ena Linux susthma. Parol' ayta to yliko toy systhmatos sas mporei na prosarmozetai stis trexoyses anagkes sas. Kai to Linux mporei na prosarmozetai stis allages aytes!
To akoloy8o einai pi8anon to minimalistiko setup sto opoio mporei kapoios na xrhsimopoihsei to Linux: 386SX/16, 1 MB RAM, 1.44 MB h 1.2 MB floppy, opoiadhpote yposthrizomenh karta o8onhs (+ plhktrologia, o8ones, kok. bebaia). Ayto 8a sas dwsei thn dynatothta na jekinhsete kai na dokimasete an doyleuei to susthma, alla den 8a mporeite na kanete otidhpote xrhsimo. Deite to <http://rsphy1.anu.edu.au/~gpg109/mem.html> gia alla ``mikra'' Linux configurations.
Gia na kanete otidhpote, 8a xreiasteite kai kapoio xwro sto sklhro disko, 5 ws 10 MB 8a prepe na einai arketa gia ena polu syrriknwmeno setup (mono me ta apolutws aparaithta programmata ki isws mia h dyo mikres efarmoges egkatesthmenes, opws, gia paradeigma ena programma termatikou [minicom,term,ktl.]). Ayto einai akomh pragmatika polu periorismeno kai ka8oloy aneto san egkatastash, kai den exei arketo xwro gia na kanete sxedon tipota, ektos ki an h xrhsh poy 8a kanete exei polu periorismenes anagkes. Den synistatai genika gia otidhpote allo, ektos apo dokimes gia to an ta pragmata doyleuoyn, kai bebaia gia na mporoume na yperhfaneyomaste pws to Linux exei fobera mikres apaithseis.
An prokeitai na trejete ypologistika baria programmata, opws ton gcc, ta X, h to TeX, mallon 8a xreiasteite ena pio grhgoro epejergasth apo enan 386SX/16, alla akomh ki aytos 8a htan arketos an exete thn apaitoumenh ypomonh.
Sthn pragmatikothta, 8a xreiasteite toylaxiston 4 MB kurias mnhmhs (RAM) an den xrhsimopoieite ta X, kai 8 MB an ta xrhsimopoieite. Epishs, an 8elete na yposthrizete pollous xrhstes taytoxrona, h na trexete polla megala programmata thn idia stigmh (metaglwttiseis gia paradeigma), mporei na xreiasteite parapanw apo 4 MB kurias mnhmhs. To Linux 8a doylecei akomh kai me mikrotera mege8h mnhmhs (8a prepe na doyleuei akomh kai me 2 MB), alla 8a xrhsimopoiei ideath mnhmh (xrhsimopoiwntas ton sklhro disko san argh mnhmh) ki ayto 8a einai polu argo, sxedon adunato na xrhsimopoih8ei. An xrhsimopoieite polla programmata taytoxrona, 16 MB 8a meiwsoyn to swapping kata polu. An 8elete na apofugete to swapping akomh kai katw apo arketa ypologisimo load, 32 MB einai mallon ayto poy xreiazeste. Bebaia, an trexete efarmoges poy pragmatika ``peinane'' gia mnhmh, 8a xreiasteite akomh pio polu mnhmh.
To poso toy sklhrou diskoy poy 8a xreiasteite ejartatai apo to logismiko poy 8elete na egkatasthsete. To kanoniko basiko set apo Unix ergaleia, shells, kai programmata diaxeirishs toy systhmatos xwraei sxetika aneta se ligotero apo 10MB me ligo xwro sthn akrh gia arxeia twn xrhstwn. Gia ena pio oloklhrwmeno susthma, parte thn Red Hat, thn Debian, thn Slackware, h opoiadhpote allh dianomh, kai ypologiste oti 8a xreiasteite apo 60 ws 300 MB, analoga me to ti 8a dialejete na egkatasthsete kai poia dianomh 8a parete. Pros8este se ayto to xwro poy 8elete na desmeusete gia arxeia twn xrhstwn. Me tis shmerines times stwn sklhrwn diskwn, an pairnete ena kainourio susthma, den exei nohma na parete ena disko poy einai polu mikros. Parte toylaxiston 500 MB, an kai 1 GB h pio polu einai protimotero, kai den 8a to metaniwsete.
Pros8este perissoterh mnhmh, megalutero sklhro disko, ena pio grhgoro epejergasth, ki oti allo 8elete analoga me tis anagkes, tis epi8ymies kai to portofoli sas gia na jefugete apo to orio toy aplws xrhsimopoihsimoy systhmatos. Genika, mia megalh diafora toy Linux apo to DOS einai oti sto Linux h pros8hkh mnhmhs deixnei polu megaluterh diafora, parolo poy sto DOS h ejtra mnhmh den moiazei na allazei kai polla pragmata. Ayto exei, en merei, sxesh kai me to asteio orio twn 640 KB toy DOS, to opoio sto Linux apla den yparxei.
Otidhpote trexei programmata se prostateymenh katastash leitoyrgias opws o 386 (ola ta montela twn 386, 486, 586, kai 686 8a prepe na doyleuoyn kanonika). Oi 286 kai oi katwteroi mporei kapoia mera na yposthrizontai apo ena mikrotero kernel, to opoio legetai ELKS (Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset), alla mhn perimenete tis idies dynatothtes. Mia ekdosh gia toys 680x0 epejergastes (gia x = 2 me ejwterikh MMU, 3, 4, kai 6) poy trexei se Amiga kai Atari mporei na bre8ei sto tsx-11.mit.edu ston katalogo 680x0. Polloi DEC Alpha yposthrizontai. Polloi SPARCs yposthrizontai twra pleon. Metafores exoyn hdh jekinhsei gia tis PowerPC, ARM, kai MIPS arxitektonikes. Polles leptomereies mporoun na bre8oun kai se alla keimena toy Linux Documentation Project.
ISA h EISA diaylos. O MCA diaylos (poy yparxei kyriws se ay8entikous PS/2) den yposthrizetai plhrws, alla h yposthrijh beltiwnetai synexeia (deite parapanw). Oi Local diayloi (VLB kai PCI) doyleuoyn. To Linux apaitei pio polla pragmata apo to yliko ap' oti to DOS, ta Windows, kai ta pio polla alla leitoyrgika systhmata. Ayto shmainei oti merika kommatia ylikou, poy se alla leitoyrgika doyleuoyn se oriakh katastash, xwris wstoso na apotygxanoyn, mporei na paroysiasoyn problhma katw apo to Linux. To Linux einai, gia paradeigma, enas aristos elegkths mnhmhs...
Mexri 1 GB se Intel platformes! Pio polu se 64-bit platformes. Merikoi (ki o idios o Linus) exoyn shmeiwsei oti h pros8hkh mnhmhs xwris thn pros8hkh analoghs cache ka8ysterei to susthma para polu, etsi an balete mnhmh kai parathrhsete oti to susthma sas einai pio argo, dokimaste na pros8esete pio polu cache. Merikes mhxanes mporoun na kratoun cache mono gia sygkekrimena mege8h mnhmhs anejarthta apo thn synolikh dia8esimh mnhmh poy einai egkatesthmenh sto susthma (64 MB einai to megisto mege8os mnhmhs poy mporei na krataei se cache ena dhmofiles chipset). Panw apo 64 MB kurias mnhmhs xreiazontai eidikh parametro kata thn ekkinhsh, afou to BIOS mporei na anaferei to polu mexri 64 MB, giati einai `problhmatiko opws exei sxedias8ei'.
Yposthrizontai generic AT drives (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD controllers me MFM h RLL, h ESDI), opws kai SCSI sklhroi diskoi kai CD-ROMs, me enan SCSI adaptor, o opoios yposthrizetai. Epishs, yposthrizontai generic XT controllers (8 bit controllers me MFM h RLL). Yposthrizontai oi ejhs SCSI adaptors: Advansys, Adaptec 1542, 1522, 1740, 27xx, kai h seira 29xx (me merikes epektaseis), Buslogic MultiMaster controllers (h yposthrijh Flashpoint einai se beta-testing), controllers basismenoi sto NCR53c810, DPT controllers, Qlogic ISP kai FAS controllers, Seagate ST-01 kai ST-02, h seira Future Domain TMC-88x (h opoiodhpote board basismeno sto TMC950 chip) kai TMC1660/1680, Ultrastor 14F, 24F kai 34F, Western Digital wd7000, kai alloi. SCSI, QIC-02, kai merika QIC-80 tapes yposthrizontai epishs. Diaforoi CD-ROM odhgoi yposthrizontai, opws Matsushita/Panasonic, Mitsumi, Sony, Soundblaster, Toshiba, ATAPI (EIDE), SCSI, kai alloi. Gia akribh montela, deite to ``Hardware Compatibility HOWTO''.
H VGA, h EGA, h CGA, h Hercules (kai oi symbates) doyleuoyn se text mode. Gia grafika kai ta X, yparxei yposthrijh (toylaxiston) gia aples VGA, merikes super-VGA kartes (oi pio polles kartes poy basizontai sto ET3000, ET4000, Paradise, kai merika Trident chipsets), S3, S3-Virge, 8514/A, ATI, MACH8/32/64, Matrox Millenium & Mystique kai Hercules. (To Linux xrhsimopoiei ton Xfree86 X server, opote ayto kanonizei ti kartes yposthrizontai. Mia oloklhrwmenh lista apo yposthrizomena chipsets pianei apo monh ths panw apo mia selida.)
H yposthrijh gia Ethernet kartes perilambanei tis 3COM 503/509/579/589 (oi 501/505/507 yposthrizontai alla den tis synistoume), AT&T GIS (NCR) WaveLAN, oi pio polles kartes poy basizontai sthn WD8390, oi pio polles kartes poy basizontai stis WD80x3 kartes, h NE1000/2000 ki oi pio polloi klwnoi toys, AC3200, Apricot 82596, AT1700, ATP, DE425/434/435/500, D-Link DE-600/620, DEPCA, DE100/101, DE200/201/202 Turbo, DE210, DE422, Cabletron E2100 (den synistatai), Intel EtherExpress (den synistatai), DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP PCLAN/plus, oi pio polles kartes poy basizontai sthn AMD LANCE, NI5210, ni6510, SMC Ultra, DEC 21040 (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet, oles oi Zircom kartes ki oles oi Cabletron kartes ektos apo thn E2100 den yposthrizontai, epeidh oi kataskeyastes toys den dexontai na dianemoyn eleu8era plhrofories gia ton programmatismo toys.
H trexoysa yposthrijh gia FDDI perilambanei tis DEFxx kartes apo thn DEC.
H yposthrijh gia Point-to-Point syndeseis perilambanei ta prwtokolla PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, kai PLIP.
Ta perissotera boards poy basizontai sto 16450 kai sto 16550 UART, symperilambanomenhs ths AST Fourport, ths Usenet Serial Card II, kai allwn. Ta intelligent boards poy yposthrizontai perilambanoyn thn seira Cyclades Cyclom (yposthrizontai apo ton kataskeyasth), thn seira Comtrol Rocketport (yposthrizontai apo ton kataskeyasth), Stallion (ta pio polla boards, yposthrizontai apo ton kataskeyasth), and Digi (merika boards, den yposthrizontai apo ton kataskeyasth). Merikes ISDN, frame relay, kai leased line kartes yposthrizontai.
SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16, Gravis Ultrasound, sxedon oles oi ypoloipes kartes hxoy, oi pio polles (oles;) oi morfes pontikiwn (Microsoft, Logitech, PS/2), ktl.