Nai paidia moy, MPOREI na GINEI
Grammeno apo ton Jonathan Katz, 11/95.
Dior8wseis/Ana8ewrhseis: 10 Aprilioy 1996. Mikres ana8ewrh
seis: 25 Ioynioy 1996. "Oloklhrwsh": 26 Oktwbrioy 1996, ola
apo ton Jonathan Katz, jkatz@in.net
____________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Eisagwgh
2. As jekinhsoyme!
3. Nai, exw eleu8ero xwro sto disko moy kai 8elw na ton dia8esw sto Linux!
4. Kai Meta;
5. Xrhsimopoiwntas to kainourgio sas susthma!
5.1 BOH8EIA, kollhsa me to FAT32!
5.1.1 Exw ayto ton olokainourgio ypologisth poy ton agorasa apo to tade magazi ths Stoyrnarh
5.1.2 Ta ekana mouskema!
5.1.3 loadlin (linload), ti'nai pali ayto?
6. Problhmata;
______________________________________________________________________
1. Eisagwgh
Polloi agorasan prosfata ypologistes, oi opoioi, dystyxws, eftasan sta
xeria toys me ta Windows 95 proegkatesthmena. Afou ejereunhsan to
Internet, polloi xrhstes anakalycan to Linux kai 8elhsan na
xrhsimopoihsoyn ena kalutero leitoyrgiko susthma se polu kaluterh
timh. Yparxoyn polla kai diaforetika 8emata poy prepei na
antimetwpisoyn se mia tetoia periptwsh, ka8ws oi kainourgioi
ypologistes erxontai synh8ws me megaloys EIDE diskoys kai ta Win95
xrhsimopoioun to palio FAT susthma arxeiwn. To Linux katanoei ayta ta
zhthmata kai mporei na antimetwpisei aytes tis dyskolies toso sto
mhxaniko ejoplismo oso kai sto logismiko.
2. As jekinhsoyme!
To Linux and ta Win95 mporoun na symbiwsoyn me ikanopoihtiko tropo
ston idio sklhro disko. Mporeite epishs na egkatasthsete to Linux se
ena jexwristo sklhro disko ston idio ypologisth. An dia8etete xrhmata
gia ena deutero disko, einai to kalutero poy mporeite na kanete. An
kai einai asfales kai ajiopisto na trexete to Linux kai ta Win95 ston
idio sklhro disko, einai asfalestero na exete ena deutero sklhro
disko. Alla, ka8ws eimai, opws kai oi perissoteroi gnwstoi moy, enas
ftwxos foithths eimai anagkasmenos na xrhsimopoiw ena megalo disko.
As paroyme ws dedomeno oti o sklhros sas diskos moiazei me ayto:
C:
+-----------------------------------
|Peripoy 800M, megaluteros isws
+-----------------------------------
kai as ypo8esoyme, oso ki an ayth h ypo8esh moiazei me eirwneia, oti
ta Win95, to MS-Office, to Qmodem Pro, kai opoia programmata
DOS/Windows exete den katalambanoyn panw apo 400M syn to arxeio
antimeta8eshs (swap file). Fantazomai oti de 8elete na xasete ola ta
programmata poy sas phre toso xrono na egkatasthsete, ara de 8elete na
sbhsete ayto to kommati toy diskoy kai na janarxisete apo thn arxh.
3. Nai, exw eleu8ero xwro sto disko moy kai 8elw na ton dia8esw sto
Linux!
Mh xanete tis elpides sas. Yparxei ena programma poy legetai FIPS, to
opoio mporei na anakatatmhsei to disko sas xwris na katastrecete ta
dedomena poy hdh yparxoyn se ayton. Bebaiw8eite omws, PRIN to
xrhsimopoihsete, oti exete apokermatisei to sklhro disko,
xrhsimopoiwntas th beltisth me8odo apokermatismou (defrag) poy
prosferoyn ta Win95. Xrhsimopoihste to programma apokermatismou poy
einai enswmatwmeno sta Win95 kai malista sto grafiko periballon,
alliws 8a xasete ta megala onomata arxeiwn. Afou exei apokermatistei,
trejte to FIPS kai kante to disko na moiazei me kati san to parakatw
C: 450
+------------------------------------
| Ayth einai h FAT/VFAT/Win95 katatmhsh
+------------------------------------
;;;
+------------------------------------------------------------------
| Aytos einai o kenos xwros poy arxizei prin ton 1024o kulindro toy
| diskoy.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
Mporeite na breite to FIPS stoys megaloys FTP katalogoys,
sunsite.unc.edu, tsx-11.mit.edu, ftp.redhat.com, synh8ws ston katalogo
/pub/utils/msdos. An exete ena CD me to Linux, yparxei synh8ws enas
\utils\msdos h \utils katalogos poy perilambanei kai to FIPS.
Einai POLY SHMANTIKO na arxizei h katatmhsh toy Linux prin (katw apo)
ton 1024o kulindro. Se anti8eth periptwsh de 8a mporesete na
jekinhsete to Linux (pragma poy sigoyra de 8elete).
Ti akribws einai o 1024os kulindros; Einai to shmeio opoy to IDE
teleiwnei kai to EIDE arxizei, dhladh to shmeio opoy jepernwntai ta
528M sto disko sas. Arxiste thn katatmhsh toy Linux sta 520M peripoy.
Etsi, olos o pyrhnas toy leitoyrgikou kai ta arxeia poy einai
aparaithta gia to jekinhma toy ypologisth 8a briskontai ejoloklhroy
katw apo ayton ton kulindro.
4. Kai Meta;
Egkatasthste to Linux ston kainourgio eleu8ero xwro poy molis
dhmioyrghsate. An eiste paranoikoi, thn prwth fora poy 8a jekinhsei o
ypologisths, dialejte na synexisete me ta Win95 gia na bebaiw8eite oti
ola leitoyrgoun kanonika. Se ka8e periptwsh pantws, akoloy8hste
OPWSDHPOTE th symboylh poy sas dinetai sto telos ths enothtas 3. Se
anti8eth periptwsh, de 8a mporesete na jekinhsete to Linux.
Otan ftasei h stigmh na moirasete to xwro poy analogei sto Linux,
mporeite, opws kanoyn oi perissoteroi xrhstes, na ftiajete mia
katatmhsh gia to Linux, kai ta programmata toy, ths tajhs twn 400M
(arketa gia arxh), kai na afierwsete 30M sthn katatmhsh antimeta8eshs
(swap partition), poy einai parapanw apo arketa.
Meta apo ayta, mporeite na egkatasthsete opoiadhpote dianomh toy Linux
exete xwris kanena problhma.
5. Xrhsimopoiwntas to kainourgio sas susthma!
To Linux mporei na dei, na diabasei kai na gracei sthn katatmhsh VFAT
twn Win95 me diaforoys tropoys. Mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete thn
yposthrijh toy MS-DOS poy perilambanetai se oloys toys pyrhnes poy
einai megaluteroi toy 1.0. Omws, xrhsimopoiwntas entoles opws
litterbox~#: mount -t msdos /dev/hda1 /mnt
8a exete onomata arxeiwn sumfwna me to protypo twn 8+3 xarakthrwn.
Aparadekto! Afou ta Win95 to yposthrizoyn, 8a prepei na diathrhsete
thn eykolia twn megalwn onomatwn sta arxeia.
Kapoioi xrhstes toy Linux akomh trexoyn pyrhnes poy einai arxaioi gia
ta protypa toy Linux. Me alla logia, tis ekdoseis 1.2.xx toy pyrhna.
Exei graftei ena programma gia aytes tis ekdoseis wste o xrhsths na
mporei na diabasei arxeia poy de symbadizoyn me to palio protypo twn
8.3. Kante FTP sto ftp://mm-
ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/multimedia/linux/xmsdos/ kai diabaste to
README arxeio prin na kanete otidhpote allo.
Telos, oi newteroi pyrhnes (1.3.4x kai meta) yposthrizoyn eggenws to
VFAT. Aytoi oi pyrhnes epitrepoyn thn asfalh anagnwsh kai dhmioyrgia
arxeiwn sth katatmhsh VFAT.
MIA PROEIDOPOIHSH
An trexete kapoia newterh ekdosh twn Win95, dhladh, mia ekdosh poy
erxetai me ypologistes poy ftiaxthkan meta ton Iounio toy 1996,
prosejte ta parakatw:
Elegjte poia ekdosh twn Win95 trexete sthn pragmatikothta. Gia na to
kanete ayto, anoijte ena para8yro DOS kai plhktrologhste: "ver /r". Na
ena paradeigma:
C:\> ver /r
Mircosoft Windows 95 [4.00.1034]
(C) 1981-1996 Microsoft Corporation.
Prosejte ton teleytaio ari8mo. An o ari8mos einai MEGALYTEROS toy 950,
pi8anws trexete mia ekdosh toy FAT poy einai gnwsth ws FAT32. An ayth
einai h periptwsh sas, mporeite kai pali na xrhsimopoihsete to Linux
kai ta Win95, alla DEN yparxei h yposthrijh gia na diabazete kai na
grafete se mia katatmhsh FAT32. Den yparxei lush epi toy parontos.
De shmainei oti epeidh trexete mia newterh ekdosh twn Win95, trexete
kat' anagkh FAT32. Trejte to fdisk kai xrhsimopoihste thn epilogh
display partition information (plhrofories gia tis katatmhseis) gia na
deite ean ontws xrhsimopoieite FAT32.
5.1. BOH8EIA, kollhsa me to FAT32!
5.1.1. to tade magazi ths Stoyrnarh Exw ayto ton olokainourgio ypolo
gisth poy ton agorasa apo
An egka8istate to Linux se ena disko me FAT32, akoloy8hste ta bhmata
gia thn egkatastash toy Linux se ena Win95 susthma, opws perigrafontai
pio panw, alla MHN egkatasthsete to LILO. Anti8eta, phgainete sthn
enothta 5.1.3 poy exei ton titlo "loadlin (linload), ti'nai pali
ayto;" kai diabaste tis odhgies bhma-bhma wste na jeperasete ayth thn
atyxh katastash.
5.1.2. Ta ekana mouskema!
Moy synebh ki emena. Etrexa mia beta ekdosh twn Win95 me to FAT32,
anaba8misa ta Win95, kai to susthma moy ta tinaje. Den eixa disketa
ekkinhshs gia thn ekdosh twn Win95 sthn opoia molis eixa anaba8misei
ton ypologisth. H lush akoloy8ei.
Breste opoiadhpote disketa ekkinhshs arkei na ftiaxthke se DOS ekdosh
5.0 h megaluterh. Sto Linux shkwste (mount) to CD twn Beta Win95 .
Shkwste kai th disketa.
litterbox~# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /cdrom
litterbox~# mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt
Sto CD breste ton katalogo gia tis beta ekdoseis. Oi an8rwpoi ths MS
ton metakinoun apo 'dw ki apo 'kei... Dokimaste sta
/cdrom/admin/beta/floppy, /cdrom/betaonly/floppy. Antigracte ta arxeia
io.sys, msdos.sys, kai command.com sth disketa. Sygxroniste (sync) and
katebaste (umount) to CD kai th disketa. Epanekkinhste ton
ypologisth, kai h disketa poy dhmioyrghsate "prepei" na doylecei.
5.1.3. loadlin (linload), ti'nai pali ayto?
To loadlin (linload) einai ena ektelesimo arxeio DOS to opoio fortwnei
ena antigrafo toy pyrhna (kernel image) apo enan sklhro disko h mia
disketa DOS kai katopin jekina to ypoloipo leitoyrgiko susthma toy
Linux apo thn katallhlh rizikh katatmhsh (root partition). An ta pate
kala me toys ypologistes mporeite na pragmatopoihsete mia egkatastash
toy Linux xwris disketes me ayto ton tropo, alla, gia thn wra, 8a
ejetasoyme pio synh8ismenes xrhseis toy loadlin (linload). Otan
jekinhsete ta Win95 pathste to plhktro F8 molis emfanistei to mhnyma
Starting Windows 95...
Epilejte Safe mode, command prompt only. Phgainete ston katalogo opoy
exete topo8ethsei ton pyrhna kai trejte
C:\LINUX> loadlin.exe (h linload.exe) zimage root=/dev/hda2
apo ekei. An ta katafernete kala sto MS-DOS, mporeite na exete
pollapla AUTOEXEC.BAT kai CONFIG.SYS, wste na mporeite, mesw enos
menou, na epilejete poio leitoyrgiko susthma na jekinhsete.
6. Problhmata;
Ston antipoda aytou toy senarioy, sthn periptwsh dhladh poy exete enan
ypologisth me to Linux kai eiste ypoxrewmenoi na egkatasthsete ta
Win95 gia kapoion anejhghto logo, ta Win95 8a gracoyn panw sto Master
Boot Record (MBR), kai kata synepeia 8a diagracoyn to LILO. Exete duo
epiloges: na xrhsimopoihsete to loadlin.exe gia na fortwsete ton
pyrhna, kai na trejete to Linux, h na jekinhste to Linux
xrhsimopoiwntas mia disketa kai/h to loadlin (linload), kai na
epanegkatasthsete to LILO.
Kalh tuxh me to kainourgio sas susthma!
-Jon
+1 217 479-7309 (voice)
Box 4454 MacMurray College
Jacksonville, Illinois 62650
Personnal: http://www.in.net/~jkatz
Corinne: http://corinne.mac.edu
Resume: http://www.in.net/~jkatz/resume.html
Room-101: http://room-101.1984.org
HOWTO: http://www.in.net/~jkatz/win95/Linux-HOWTO.html
Gia sxolia, parathrhseis, dior8wseis, enhmerwseis peri ths Ellhnikhs
metafrashs aytou toy HOWTO, steilte email ston Prokoph Prokopidh:
prokops@hellug.gr h sthn Boula Sanida : voulariba@hellug.gr h ston
Eyripidh Papakwsta : evris@hellug.gr kai enallaktika :
ep@rocketmail.com