7. Special Characters: Octal Escape Sequences

Outside of the characters that you can type on your keyboard, there are a lot of other characters you can print on your screen. I've created a script to allow you to check out what the font you're using has available for you. The main command you need to use to utilise these characters is "echo -e". The "-e" switch tells echo to enable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters. What you see when you look at octal 200-400 will be very different with a VGA font from what you will see with a standard Linux font. Be warned that some of these escape sequences have odd effects on your terminal, and I haven't tried to prevent them from doing whatever they do. The linedraw and block characters (which many of us became familiar with with Word Perfect) that are used heavily by the Bashprompt project are between octal 260 and 337.

#!/bin/bash

#   Script: escgen

function usage {
   echo -e "\033[1;34mescgen\033[0m <lower_octal_value> [<higher_octal_value>]"
   echo "   Octal escape sequence generator: print all octal escape sequences"
   echo "   between the lower value and the upper value.  If a second value"
   echo "   isn't supplied, print eight characters."
   echo "   1998 - Giles Orr, no warranty."
   exit 1
}

if [ "$#" -eq "0" ]
then
   echo -e "\033[1;31mPlease supply one or two values.\033[0m"
   usage
fi
let lower_val=${1}
if [ "$#" -eq "1" ]
then
   #   If they don't supply a closing value, give them eight characters.
   upper_val=$(echo -e "obase=8 \n ibase=8 \n $lower_val+10 \n quit" | bc)
else
   let upper_val=${2}
fi
if [ "$#" -gt "2" ]
then 
   echo -e "\033[1;31mPlease supply two values.\033[0m"
   echo
   usage
fi
if [ "${lower_val}" -gt "${upper_val}" ]
then
   echo -e "\033[1;31m${lower_val} is larger than ${upper_val}."
   echo
   usage
fi
if [ "${upper_val}" -gt "777" ]
   then
   echo -e "\033[1;31mValues cannot exceed 777.\033[0m"
   echo
   usage
fi

let i=$lower_val
let line_count=1
let limit=$upper_val
while [ "$i" -lt "$limit" ]
do
   octal_escape="\\$i"
   echo -en "$i:'$octal_escape' "
   if [ "$line_count" -gt "7" ]
   then 
      echo
      #   Put a hard return in.
      let line_count=0
   fi
   let i=$(echo -e "obase=8 \n ibase=8 \n $i+1 \n quit" | bc)
   let line_count=$line_count+1
done
echo

You can also use xfd to display all the characters in an X font, with the command "xfd -fn <fontname>". Clicking on any given character will give you lots of information about that character, including its octal value. The script given above will be useful on the console, and if you aren't sure of the current font name.